Zimbabwe Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

AND ACTIONS CONTENTS Page 1. BACKGROUND TO THE COUNTRY STUDY 1.1 Contextual framework I 1.2 General considerations 1 1.3 Human population 3 1.4 Infrastructure development 5 1.5 Theurban environment 6 1.6 Land tenure, property rights and general land use systems 6 1.7 Macroeconomic structureandpolicies 7 1.8 Social andcultural issues 8 1.9 Environmental education/awareness 8 1.10 Political factors 10 1.11 Government position on the Biodiversity Convention 10 2. Valuation of forest biodiversity 45 2.2.6.2 Economic incentives and disincentives for conservation of forest biodiversity 47 2.3 Wildlife 49 2.3.1 Status and trends of wildlife biodiversity 49 2. Legislative and policy frameworks 61 2.3.5 Institutional framework, sectoral linkages and the human resource base 63 2.3.5.1 Institutional framework and cross sectoral linkages 63 2.3.5.2 Human resources 64 2.3.6 Economic factors 64 2.3.6.1 Valuation of wildlifebiodiversity 64 2.3.6.2 Economic incentives and perverse incentives 65 2.4 Aquatic fauna and flora 66 2.4.1 Statusandtrendsof aquaticbiodiversity 66 2.4.1.1 Relevant ecosystems 66 2.4.1.2 Genetic and species diversity 68 2.4.1.3 Status and trends of biodiversity in fish 70 2.4.1.4 Status and trends of biodiversity in aquatic insects 71 2.4.1.5 Status and trends of biodiversity in aquatic flora 72 2.4,2 Causesof aquaticbiodiversitychanges 73 2.4.2.1 Abiotic factors 73 2.4.2.2 Biotic factors 74 2.4.2.3 Effects of technology on biodiversity 74 2.4.3 Conservationand sustainableuse measures 75 2.4.3.